NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 10 Law and Social Justice

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 10 Law and Social Justice are given below. These solutions contain answers to all the exercise questions given in the Geography textbook. All our solutions are updated as per the latest CBSE Syllabus and Guidelines. These solutions will also help you to score higher marks with the help of well-illustrated answers. All the questions and answers of Class 8 Civics Chapter 10 Law and Social Justice are provided here in PDF format.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 10 Law and Social Justice NCERT Solutions

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Exercise Questions

Question 1: Talk to two workers (For example, construction workers, farm workers, factory workers, workers at any shop) to find out if they are receiving the minimum wages laid down by law.

Answer: Self-attempt.

Question 2: What are the advantages to foreign companies in setting up production in India?

Answer: The advantages to foreign companies in setting up their production in India is as follows:

• Foreign companies come to India because of the cheap labour. Wages that the companies pay to workers in foreign countries are far higher than what they have to pay to workers in India.
• Low wages and longer hours of work.
• Minimum additional expenses such as for housing facilities for workers. Thus, companies can save costs and earn higher profits.
• Cost cutting can also be done by other more dangerous means like lowering working conditions, including lower safety measures.

Question 3: Do you think the victims of the Bhopal gas tragedy got justice? Discuss.

Answer: The victims of the Bhopal gas tragedy got justice, but this statement is debatable. Some victims were adequately compensated, while others are still struggling for a fair judgment to be taken on a violation of their rights. 8,000 people died, while another 50,000 were rendered handicapped and hence unable to earn a livelihood. The company which owned the pesticide factory- Union Carbide, did not accept responsibility for the deaths and left in a hurry, leaving behind harmful toxic chemicals that are contaminating water in Bhopal even today. UC was fined a measly $470 million from a $3 billion civil case, for this catastrophe. Financial compensation for the victims’ families was adequate but survivors of this disaster are still fighting for safe drinking water, health-care facilities and jobs.

Question 4: What do we mean when we speak of law enforcement? Who is responsible for enforcement? Why is enforcement so important?

Answer: Law enforcement implies the government’s responsibility as lawmaker and enforcer, to ensure obedience to its laws by everyone within the State that it governs. It is the responsibility of the government to ascertain that laws are not violated by anyone. Enforcement is important to maintain the democratic status of India; if foreign companies put up low unsafe working conditions, then this interferes with the Fundamental Right of the Right to Life, of a worker. With more industries being set up both by local and foreign businesses in India, there is a greater need for stronger laws protecting workers’ rights and producers and consumers. Hence, enforcement is very important today.

Question 5: How can laws ensure that markets work in a manner that is fair? Give two examples to support your answer.

Answer: Laws can ensure that markets work in a fair manner. The frequently upgraded Minimum Wages Law ensures that workers are not exploited and over-worked by companies that hire them. Also, a law keeping checks on the quality of production makes sure that sub- standard goods do not enter the market.

Question 6: Imagine yourself to be a worker working in a chemical factory, which has received orders from the government to move to a different site 100 kms away from the present location. Write about how your life would change? Read out your response in the classroom.

Answer: Attempt this question on your own.

Question 7: Write a paragraph on the various roles of the government that you have read about in this unit.

Answer: The government plays the following roles:

• Providing public facilities like healthcare, sanitation and water supply and ensures that these are not overtaken by the private enterprises.
• Enforcing law against child labour.
• Fixing minimum wages for workers and revising it from time to time.
• Enforcing laws regarding safety at the workplace.
• Enforcing laws regarding the safety of environment.
• Protecting the interests of consumers against overpricing and standard products.
• Punishing organisations who do not follow policies to protect the environment against pollution.

Question 8: What are the sources of environmental pollution in your area? Discuss with respect to (a) air; (b) water and (c) soil. What are the steps being taken to reduce the pollution? Can you suggest some other measures?

Answer: The various sources of environmental pollution in our area are as follows:

• Pollution of air: Exhaust from factories and vehicles.
• Pollution of water: Dumping of chemical fertilizers and garbage from factories, farms and houses in water bodies.
• Pollution of Soil: Excessive use of pesticides and fertilisers, disposal of domestic and industrial garbage.

Steps taken to reduce pollution are:

• Stop the misuse or overuse of resources.
• Taking strict action against the practices that cause environmental pollutions like use of plastic bags, disposal of all type of wastes and harmful emissions from industries.
• Promoting the use of CNG as fuel in vehicles.
• Encourage recycling of used materials.

Question 9: How was environment treated earlier? What has been the change in perception? Discuss.

Answer: Earlier, the environment was treated with more respect and an effort was made to keep it clean and healthy. Nowadays, with the advent of globalization, we pay little or no attention to the environment we live in. In earlier times, life was less fast-paced and our ancestors and predecessors respected nature and the earth as life-giving entities. Factories, vehicles and pollution-causing things were lesser in number but today, with growing demand and technology we have ruined nature and its aspects. This has had a telling result on the environment, global warming being one of the most alarming consequences of the same. Hence, there is a need to sit up and take notice of the changes in the environment and implement modes to correct our wrongs before it gets too late.