NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 10 India After Independence

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 10 India After Independence are given below. These solutions contain answers to all the exercise questions given in the History textbook (Our Pasts III). All our solutions are updated as per the latest CBSE Syllabus and Guidelines. These solutions will also help you to score higher marks with the help of well-illustrated answers. All the questions and answers of Class 8 History Chapter 10 are provided here in PDF format.

Class 8 History Chapter 10 India After Independence NCERT Solutions

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Exercise Questions

Question 1: Name three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced.

Answer: Three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced:

(i) As a result of Partition, 8 million refugees had come into the country from what was now Pakistan. These people had to be found homes and jobs.

(ii) The maharajas and nawabs of the princely states (almost 500) had to be persuaded to join the new nation.

(iii) A political system had to be adopted which would best serve the hopes and expectations of the Indian population

Question 2: What was the role of the Planning Commission?

Answer: The Planning Commission was set up to help design and execute suitable policies for the economic development of India.

Question 3: Fill in the blanks:

(a) Subjects that were placed on the Union List were ___________, _______ and ________.

(b) Subjects on the Concurrent List were _________ and _______.

(c) Economic planning by which both the state and the private sector played a role in development was called a ________ _______ model.

(d) The death of __________ sparked off such violent protests that the government was forced to give into the demand for the linguistic state of Andhra.

Answer: (a) Subjects that were placed on the Union List were taxes, defense and foreign affairs.

(b) Subjects on the Concurrent List were forest and agriculture.

(c) Economic planning by which both the state and the private sector played a role in developing what was called a mixed economy model.

(d) The death of Potti Sriramulu sparked off such violent protests, that the government was forced to give in to the demand for the linguistic state of Andhra.

Question 4: State whether true or false:

(a) At independence, the majority of Indians lived in villages.

Answer: True

(b) The Constituent Assembly was made up of members of the Congress party.

Answer: False

(c) In the first national election, only men were allowed to vote.

Answer: False

(d) The Second Five Year Plan focused on the development of heavy industry.

Answer: True

Question 5: What did Dr Ambedkar mean when he said that “In politics we will have equality, and in social and economic life we will have inequality”?

Answer: Dr Ambedkar pointed out that political democracy had to be accompanied by economic and social democracy. He believed that in politics we would have equality and in social and economic life we would have inequality. Giving the right to vote would not automatically lead to the removal of discrimination between rich and poor or upper-caste or lower-caste. These classes of people could be labelled equal only politically but in reality it could not be possible due to our social and economic structure.

Question 6: After Independence, why was there a reluctance to divide the country on linguistic lines?

Answer: Both Prime Minister Nehru and Deputy Prime Minister Vallabhbhai Patel were against the creation of linguistic states. After the Partition, Nehru said, “disruptionist tendencies had come to the fore”; to check them, the nation had to be strong and united. India had already been divided on the basis of religion: despite the wishes and efforts of Mahatma Gandhi, freedom had come not to one nation but to two.

Question 7: Give one reason why English continued to be used in India after Independence.

Answer: People of the south those who could not speak Hindi, opposed Hindi as National Language. They threatened to separate from India if Hindi was imposed on them. The Constituent Assembly finally decided that Hindi would be the “official language” of India and English would be used in the courts, the services, and communications between one state and another.

Question 8: How was the economic development of India visualized in the early decades after Independence?

Answer: The economic development of India visualised in the early decades after Independence were:

(i) Objectives: Lifting India and Indians out of poverty, and building a modern technical and industrial base were among the major objectives of the new nation.

(ii) Planning Commission and Five Year Plans: A Planning Commission was set up to help design and execute suitable policies for economic development.

(iii) Mixed-economy: A mixed-economy model was agreed upon. In this economic model, both the State and the private sector would play important and complementary roles in increasing production and generating jobs.

(iv) Focus on heavy industries and dams: In1956, the Second Five Year Plan was formulated. This focused strongly on the development of heavy industries such as steel, and on the building of large dams.

(v) The focus on heavy industry, and the effort at state regulation of the economy (which was to guide the economic policy for the next few decades) had many critics.

This approach was criticized because:

(i) It put inadequate emphasis on agriculture

(ii) It neglected primary education

(iii) It did not take into account the environmental implications of concentrating on science and machinery.