NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements
The Class 10 NCERT Solutions for Science Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements includes all the intext and exercise questions. Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements NCERT questions and answers help students to clear their doubts and to obtain good marks in Class 10 board exam. All the solutions provided in this article are strictly based on the CBSE syllabus and curriculum.
Class 10 Science Chapter 5 NCERT Questions and Answers
Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements NCERT Questions and Answers are prepared by experts with a detailed explanation that will help students complete their assignments & homework. Having a good grasp over CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science will further help the students in their preparation for board exams and other competitive exams such as NTSE, Olympiad, etc.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Intext Questions
Intext Question (Page No. 81)
Question 1: Did Dobereiner’s triads also exist in the columns of Newlands’ Octaves? Compare and find out.
Answer: Only one triad of Dobereiner’s triads exists in the columns of Newlands’ octaves. The triad formed by the elements Li, Na, and K of Dobereiner’s triads also occurred in the columns of Newlands’ octaves.
Dobereiner’s triads:
| Li | Ca | Cl |
| Na | Sr | Br |
| K | Ba | I |
Newlands’ octaves:
Question 2: What were the limitations of Dobereiner’s classification?
Answer: Limitation of Dobereiner’s classification:
(i) They were not applicable for very low mass or very high mass elements.
(ii) All the elements couldn’t fit into Dobereiner’s triads.
(iii) As the methods to calculate atomic mass improved, Dobereiner’s triads validity began to decrease. For example, in the triad of F, Cl and Br, the arithmetic mean of atomic masses of F and Br are not equal to the atomic mass of CI.
Question 3: What were the limitations of Newlands’ Law of Octaves?
Answer: Limitations of Newlands’ law of octaves:
(a) It was not applicable throughout the arrangements. It was applicable up to calcium only. The properties of the elements listed after calcium showed no resemblance to the properties of the elements above them.
(b) Those elements that were discovered after Newlands’ octaves did not follow the law of octaves.
(c) The position of cobalt and nickel in the group of the elements (F, Cl) of different properties could not be explained.
(d) Placing of iron far away from cobalt and nickel, which have similar properties as iron, could also not be explained.
Intext Question (Page No. 85)
Question 1: Use Mendeleev’s Periodic Table to predict the formulae for the oxides of the following elements: K, C, Al, Si, Ba.
Answer: Oxygen is a member of group VI A in Mendeleev’s periodic table. Its valency is 2. Similarly, the valencies of all the elements listed can be predicted from their respective groups. This will help in writing the formulae of their oxides.
(i) Potassium (K) is a member of group IA. Its valency is 1. Therefore, the formula of it is K2O.
(ii) Carbon (C) is a member of group IV A. Its valency is 4. Therefore, the formula of it is C2O4 or CO2.
(iii) Aluminium (Al) belongs to groups III A and its valency is 3. The formula of its oxide is Al2O3.
(iv) Silicon (Si) is present in group IV A after carbon. Its valency is also 4. The formula oxide is Si2O4 or SiO2.
(v) Barium (Ba) belongs to group II A and the valency of the element is 2. The formula of oxide of the element is Ba2O2 or BaO.
Question 2: Besides gallium, which other elements have since been discovered that were left by Mendeleev in his Periodic Table? (any two).
Answer: Germanium and Scandium are the element that are left by Mendeleev in his Periodic Table since its discovery.
Question 3: What were the criteria used by Mendeleev in creating his Periodic Table?
Answer: Mendeleev’s periodic table was based on the observation that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic masses. This means that if elements are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic masses, then their properties get repeated after regular intervals.
Question 4: Why do you think the noble gases are placed in a separate group?
Answer: Noble gases are placed in a separate group because of their inert nature and low concentration in our atmosphere. They are kept in a separate group called Zero group so that they don’t disturb the existing order.
Intext Question (Page No. 90)
Question 1: How could the Modern Periodic Table remove various anomalies of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table?
Answer: (a) In the Modern Periodic table elements are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic number. This removes the anomaly regarding certain pairs of elements in Mendeleev’s periodic table.
(b) Atomic number of cobalt is 27 and nickel is 28. Hence, cobalt will come before nickel even though its atomic mass is greater.
(c) All isotopes of the same elements have different atomic masses, but same atomic number; therefore they are placed in the same position in the modern periodic table.
Question 2: Name two elements you would expect to show chemical reactions similar to magnesium. What is the basis for your choice?
Answer: Calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr) are expected to show chemical reactions similar to magnesium (Mg). This is because the number of valence electrons (2) is same in all these three elements. And since chemical properties are due to valence electrons, they show same chemical reactions.
Question 3: Name
(a) three elements that have a single electron in their outermost shells.
(b) two elements that have two electrons in their outermost shells.
(c) three elements with filled outermost shells.
Answer: (a) Lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) have a single electron in their outermost shells.
(b) Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) have two electrons in their outermost shells.
(c) Neon (Ne), argon (Ar), and xenon (Xe) have filled outermost shells.
Question 4: (a) Lithium, sodium, potassium are all metals that react with water to liberate hydrogen gas. Is there any similarity in the atoms of these elements?
(b) Helium is an unreactive gas and neon is a gas of extremely low reactivity. What, if anything, do their atoms have in common?
Answer: (a) Lithium, sodium and potassium all belong to the same group. The atoms of lithium, sodium and potassium all have only one electron in their outermost shells and all of these are metals. All of these react with water to form alkalies.
(b) The atoms of helium and neon have their outermost shells completely filled. Helium has its first shell completely filled, while neon has its first and second shells (K and L) completely filled.
Question 5: In the Modern Periodic Table, which are the metals among the first ten elements?
Answer: Lithium and Beryllium are the metals among the first ten elements in Modern Periodic Table.
Question 6: By considering their position in the Periodic Table, which one of the following elements would you expect to have maximum metallic characteristic?
Ga, Ge, As, Se, Be
Answer: Among the elements listed in the question. Be and Ga are expected to be most metallic. Out of Be and Ga, Ga is bigger in size and hence has greater tendency to lose electrons than Be. Therefore, Ga is more metallic than Be.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Exercise Questions
Question 1: Which of the following statements is not a correct statement about the trends when going from left to right across the periods of periodic Table.
(a) The elements become less metallic in nature.
(b) The number of valence electrons increases.
(c) The atoms lose their electrons more easily.
(d) The oxides become more acidic.
Answer: (c) The atoms lose their electrons more easily.
(On moving from left to right across the periods of the periodic table, the non-metallic character increases. Hence, the tendency to lose electrons decreases.)
Question 2: Element X forms a chloride with the formula XCl2, which is a solid with a high melting point. X would most likely be in the same group of the Periodic Table as
(a) Na
(b) Mg
(c) Al
(d) Si
Answer: (b) Mg
Question 3: Which element has
(a) two shells, both of which are completely filled with electrons?
(b) the electronic configuration 2, 8, 2?
(c) a total of three shells, with four electrons in its valence shell?
(d) a total of two shells, with three electrons in its valence shell?
(e) twice as many electrons in its second shell as in its first shell?
Answer: (a) Neon has two shells, both of which are completely filled with electrons (2 electrons in K shell and 8 electrons in L shell).
(b) Magnesium has the electronic configuration 2, 8, 2.
(c) Silicon has a total of three shells, with four electrons in its valence shell (2 electrons in K shell, 8 electrons in L shell and 4 electrons in M shell).
(d) Boron has a total of two shells, with three electrons in its valence shell (2 electrons in K shell and 3 electrons in L shell).
(e) Carbon has twice as many electrons in its second shell as in its first shell (2 electrons in K shell and 4 electrons in L shell).
Question 4: (a) What property do all elements in the same column of the Periodic Table as boron have in common?
(b) What property do all elements in the same column of the Periodic Table as fluorine have in common?
Answer: (a) Elements in the same column or group as boron have valency of three and have three valence electrons.
(b) Elements in the same column or group as fluorine form acidic oxides and have seven electrons in their outermost shells and have valency of one.
Question 5: An atom has electronic configuration 2, 8, 7.
(a) What is the atomic number of this element?
(b) To which of the following elements would it be chemically similar? (Atomic numbers are given in parentheses.)
N(7) F(9) P(15) Ar(18)
Answer: (a)The element with electronic configuration (2+8+7) 17 is chlorine.
The no. of atomic number = no. of electrons
Therefore, atomic number is 17.
(b) An atom with electronic configuration 2, 8, 7 would be chemically similar to F (9)
Question 6: The position of three elements A, B and C in the Periodic Table are shown below –
| Group 16 | Group 17 |
| − | − |
| − | A |
| − | − |
| B | C |
(a) State whether A is a metal or non-metal.
(b) State whether C is more reactive or less reactive than A.
(c) Will C be larger or smaller in size than B?
(d) Which type of ion, cation or anion, will be formed by element A?
Answer: (a) A is a non-metal.
(b) C is less reactive than A, as reactivity decreases down the group in halogens.
(c) C will be smaller in size than B as moving across a period, the nuclear charge increases and therefore, electrons come closer to the nucleus.
(d) A will form an anion as it accepts an electron to complete its octet.
Question 7: Nitrogen (atomic number 7) and phosphorus (atomic number 15) belong to group 15 of the Periodic Table. Write the electronic configuration of these two elements. Which of these will be more electronegative? Why?
Answer:
| Element | K | L | M |
| Nitrogen | 2 | 5 | |
| Phosphorus | 2 | 8 | 5 |
Nitrogen is more electronegative than phosphorus. On moving down a group, the number of shell increases. Therefore, the valence electrons move away from the nucleus and the effective nuclear charge decreases. This causes the decrease in the tendency to attract electron and hence electronegativity decreases.
Question 8: How does the electronic configuration of an atom relate to its position in the Modern Periodic Table?
Answer: In the modern periodic table, atoms with similar electronic configurations are placed in the same column. In a group, the number of valence electrons remains the same. Elements across a period show an increase in the number of valence electrons.
Question 9: In the Modern Periodic Table, calcium (atomic number 20) is surrounded by elements with atomic numbers 12, 19, 21, and 38. Which of these have physical and chemical properties resembling calcium?
Answer: Calcium has an atomic number of 20, and thus has an electronic configuration of 2, 8, 8, 2. Thus, calcium has 2 valence electrons. The electronic configuration of the element having atomic number 12 is 2, 8.2. Thus, this element with 2 valence electrons resemble calcium the most.
Question 10: Compare and contrast the arrangement of elements in Mendeleev’s periodic Table and the Modern Periodic Table.
Answer:
| Mendeleev’s Periodic Table | Modern Periodic Table |
| (i) Elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic mass. | (i) Elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic number. |
| (ii) There are nine vertical columns called groups. | (ii) There are eighteen vertical columns called groups. |
| (iii) There is no place for noble gases. | (iii) Noble gases are placed on the right hand side of the table. |
| (iv) There is no place for isotopes. | (iv) Isotope are kept at the same place because their atomic number is same. |
| (v) Transition elements are placed together in group VIII. | (v) Transition elements are placed in the middle of the long period (Group 3 to 12). |
Topics covered under Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements
Below we have listed the topics discussed in NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5. The list gives you a quick look at the different topics and subtopics of this chapter.
| Section in NCERT Book | Topics Discussed |
|---|---|
| 5.1.1 | Dobereiner Triads |
| 5.1.2 | Newlands’ Law of Octaves |
| 5.2 | Mendeleev’s Periodic Table |
| 5.3 | The Modern Periodic Table |
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5 – A Brief Discussion
Chapter Overview: In this chapter, you will learn how elements are classified into the periodic table. At first, the chapter discusses Döbereiner’s Triads, Newlands’ Law of Octaves and their limitations. Further, it explains how Mendeleev classified into elements based on their atomic numbers. Moreover, you will also learn the limitations of the Mendeleev periodic table and how the modern periodic table evolved. At last, you will learn about trends in atomic size, valency and physical and chemical properties of elements across the Modern Periodic Table.